Each entry identifies a professional question and the point at which that discipline reaches its limit. M1–M8 comes later, rather than being imposed as a premise.
CL-ACA-006 · Philosophy
When meaning, finitude, subjecthood and intelligence no longer necessarily coincide, why is civilization worth continuing, and what retains irreplaceable significance?
Where inference must stop: Philosophy may state normative and structural propositions, but cannot present philosophical judgments as empirical facts about life, consciousness or AI.
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CL-ACA-007 · Epistemology and philosophy of science
For unfamiliar kinds of subjects and AI-generated knowledge, what counts as evidence, and which level of claim does it support?
Where inference must stop: Failure of an observation window does not establish that an object does not exist. Social recognition, legal arrangements and model performance cannot substitute for evidence of what a subject is.
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CL-ACA-008 · Cognitive science and philosophy of mind
What separates advanced functional performance from subjective experience, an embodied self and first-person continuity?
Where inference must stop: Fluent language, self-description, long-term memory and consistency of role do not directly establish experience or non-transferable continuity of a subject.
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CL-ACA-009 · Ethics, law and political philosophy
Who may be harmed, who can act and bear responsibility, and who is entitled to make and enforce shared rules?
Where inference must stop: Protection does not automatically confer personhood; personhood does not confer political membership; capability, contribution, accuracy and compliance do not create public authority.
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CL-ACA-010 · Political science and governance
When technology enters public governance, how can power move through classifications, interfaces, defaults and automated execution while legal titles remain unchanged?
Where inference must stop: Epistemic authority and performance do not automatically create legal effect, authorization, legitimacy or sovereignty.
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CL-ACA-011 · Systems and complexity science
Why can the whole system fail or cross a threshold when its components work and local choices seem reasonable?
Where inference must stop: System-level patterns do not by themselves establish experience, rights, legitimacy, values that cannot be sacrificed, or the authority to authorize action.
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CL-ACA-012 · Life sciences
Which connections among life, individuation, replication, reprogramming, life extension and subject continuity are biological facts, and which are inferences across levels?
Where inference must stop: Replicating or reprogramming cells or genetic material does not establish that a mature individual subject has been copied. Biological continuity does not automatically prove first-person continuity.
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CL-ACA-013 · Sociology, anthropology and civilization studies
How does meaning enter social reality through relationships, practice, institutions, ritual, memory and community, and how does AI change representation and translation?
Where inference must stop: Expression, preservation, translation and social recognition do not automatically establish lived experience, cultural continuity, subjecthood, legal standing or representative authority.
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CL-ACA-014 · Economics, political economy and value theory
As AGI changes production, scarcity and distribution, how should price, output, contribution, returns, ownership and human worth remain distinct?
Where inference must stop: Price, utility, output and contribution do not by themselves establish personal worth, public legitimacy, a monopoly over distribution or ownership of meaning.
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CL-ACA-015 · Artificial intelligence and computer science
What entitles a model to turn information into action, and how should capability, assurance, authorization and evidence of subjecthood be distinguished?
Where inference must stop: Model scores, formal proofs and a human in the loop do not automatically establish system safety, effective control, institutional authorization or sovereignty over action.
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CL-ACA-016 · Physics, information and spacetime
Which inferences are warranted among physical events, recorded information, irreversibility, copying or migration, and a life experienced by a subject?
Where inference must stop: Thermodynamics, information irreversibility, path dependence, backup restoration and quantum no-cloning cannot overstep their scope to explain personhood, meaning or first-person continuity.
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CL-ACA-017 · Religion, spiritual traditions and ultimate concerns
How can different ultimate concerns retain their irreducible meaning without turning faith, tradition or revelation into compulsory public facts?
Where inference must stop: An experience occurring does not establish its metaphysical interpretation. Recognition within a faith is not public evidence. Digital persistence is not resurrection, reincarnation, salvation or the return of the dead.
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CL-ACA-018 · Education and learning sciences
When answers and personalized support can be generated without limit, what should education protect and cultivate?
Where inference must stop: Better AI-assisted output does not establish learning. Personalization is not autonomy. A teaching function does not confer teaching qualifications, guardianship or assessment authority.
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CL-ACA-019 · International relations and strategic security
When AI enters relations among states and alliances, how do speed, pre-authorization, perception, signals and an opponent’s response change strategic stability?
Where inference must stop: Technical reliability of a model does not establish international stability. Local security choices by one state do not establish shared security. AI may reduce misperception as well as intensify escalation.
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CL-ACA-020 · Ecology, Earth systems and resources
How does expanding digital intelligence enter the real Earth system through chips, electricity, water, land, materials, manufacturing and waste?
Where inference must stop: Greater efficiency per unit does not guarantee lower total use. A small global share does not mean no local pressure. Resource facts do not dictate opposition to technology or a single political conclusion.
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CL-ACA-021 · Medicine, public health and health systems
When models become more accurate, do patients benefit, populations become healthier, and health systems become more resilient?
Where inference must stop: Model accuracy, regulatory authorization and adoption at scale do not by themselves prove net clinical benefit, population health or effective public-health intervention.
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